An object cache (Redis or APCu) so repeated queries are served from memory. OPcache with a generous opcache.memory_consumption, so PHP is not recompiled per request. Only then, the choice of…
Read MoreDiagnosing Disk I/O Latency Spikes on a VPS Before They Wreck TTFB
A step-by-step method for isolating disk I/O latency spikes on a VPS: measure the right metrics, separate write and read pressure, and fix the actual bottleneck.
Read MoreTuning PHP-FPM Process Pools by Workload Type, Not by Copy-Paste
How to size PHP-FPM pm.max_children, choose static vs dynamic vs ondemand, and set the request-recycling values that match your actual traffic shape.
Read MoreSizing the InnoDB Buffer Pool for a 1 GB VPS: The Arithmetic Nobody Shows You
The default MySQL configuration on most VPS images allocates `128M` to the InnoDB buffer pool. On a 1 GB instance running WordPress, that leaves roughly 700 MB of RAM idle…
Read MoreNginx Upstream Keepalive on a VPS: Sizing Connection Pools With Measured Evidence
Without keepalive, every proxied request makes Nginx open a fresh TCP connection to your app server, run the handshake, serve, and tear it down. Under load this shows up as…
Read MoreKernel Page Cache on a Small VPS: What Is Actually Cached, and How to Prove It
A practical look at Linux page cache behaviour on 1–2 GB VPS instances: how dirty pages, reclaim pressure, and drop_caches really work, and what to measure before adding RAM.
Read MoreAutomated Backup Verification on a VPS: Building Restore Drills That Actually Run
Automate backup verification on a VPS: checksums, archive content assertions, weekly restore drills into an isolated instance, systemd timer scheduling, and failure alerting.
Read MoreDiagnosing CPU Steal Time on a VPS: Finding Noisy-Neighbor Contention
Your VPS shows 40% CPU utilization, no swap pressure, and plenty of free RAM — yet response times spike at the same time every evening. When the capacity numbers say…
Read MoreTuning PostgreSQL for a Small VPS: shared_buffers, WAL, and max_connections
PostgreSQL ships with configuration defaults tuned for a developer laptop, not a 2 GB VPS. On a small instance the three settings that cause the most pain are shared_buffers, wal_buffers/checkpoint…
Read MoreRedis Object Caching for WordPress on a VPS: Install, Tune, and Measure the Speedup
Page caching hides the problem; object caching fixes it. On a 2 vCPU / 2 GB instance, moving WordPress persistent object cache from MySQL to Redis cut median database query…
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