Every provider’s order page sells the same four numbers: vCPU count, RAM, disk size and port speed. Three of those four are measurable in under ten minutes with tools that…
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nftables Flowtables and Rule Counters: Measuring a Firewall That Costs Nothing at PPS Scale
A firewall that costs nothing per packet is not a marketing phrase, it is a measurable property of the datapath. A plain nftables ruleset with 40 rules in a chain…
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NUMA Locality Inside a KVM Guest: How to Measure the Remote-Memory Penalty
Remote memory access can cost 40-60% of local latency. Detect NUMA topology on large instances, place databases with numactl and cgroup cpusets, and verify with numastat.
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Reading /proc/net/softnet_stat Correctly: Diagnosing Softirq Pile-Up on Virtio NICs
Move packet processing off a single core: configure IRQ affinity, Receive Packet Steering, Transmit Packet Steering, and NAPI budget to cut softirq saturation on virtio NICs.
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What a $5, $15 and $40 VPS Actually Buys: Steal Time, Disk Latency and Tier Verification
Two plans both read “2 vCPU / 4 GB” and differ by 3× in CPU steal and 10× in disk latency at the same price point. The rental market sorts…
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How to Benchmark Disk IOPS on a VPS with fio: Queue Depth and Latency That Actually Matter
A practical, measurement-first look at how KVM schedules vCPUs: steal time accounting, CPU shares and quotas, CFS throttling, and when CPU pinning actually helps.
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