WireGuard is a modern VPN protocol that uses state-of-the-art cryptography and fits in under 4,000 lines of kernel code. Unlike OpenVPN or IPsec, WireGuard is designed for simplicity: a single…
Read MoreMySQL and MariaDB Performance Tuning for VPS Environments with Limited RAM
MySQL and MariaDB are the most popular database engines for VPS-hosted web applications, but their default configurations are designed for dedicated servers with abundant RAM. On a 1–4 GB VPS,…
Read MoreAutomating VPS Backups with restic and Backblaze B2 on a Budget
Backing up a VPS is not optional, but traditional backup solutions can be expensive or complex to set up. Restic is a fast, encrypted, open-source backup tool that deduplicates data…
Read MoreTuning vm.* Kernel Parameters: Swappiness, Dirty Ratio, and OOM Behavior on a VPS
While network sysctl tuning gets most of the attention in VPS performance guides, the vm.* kernel parameters have an equally large impact on day-to-day stability. These settings control how the…
Read MoreTCP Fast Open on a VPS: How to Configure and Benchmark for Lower Latency
TCP Fast Open (TFO) is one of the simplest latency optimizations you can enable on a VPS. A single kernel parameter and an Nginx directive can eliminate one full round…
Read MoreUptime Kuma on a VPS: Production-Grade Deployment with Docker Compose, TLS, and Multi-Channel Alerts
Self-hosted monitoring is the most cost-effective way to keep an eye on your infrastructure. Uptime Kuma is a lightweight, open-source monitoring tool that runs on a single VPS with under…
Read MorePgBouncer on a VPS: Step-by-Step PostgreSQL Connection Pooling for 2–4 GB Servers
PostgreSQL creates one OS process per connection, and each idle connection can consume 5–10 MB of RAM. On a small VPS with 2–4 GB of memory, an application that opens…
Read MorePHP OPcache and Realpath Cache Tuning: Cut WordPress CPU Usage on Your VPS
Every PHP request compiles the requested script from source unless the compiled bytecode is already cached in memory. A typical WordPress installation with a dozen plugins contains 500–1000 PHP files,…
Read Moresystemd Service Hardening on a VPS: ProtectSystem, PrivateTmp, and Dropping Capabilities
Most VPS security guides stop at SSH keys and a firewall. The service layer is where attackers actually get in once they find a vulnerable process, and systemd gives you…
Read MoreTCP BBR on a VPS: Enabling Modern Congestion Control for Faster Transfers
If your VPS transfers large files slowly, or throughput collapses whenever the network drops a packet, the default TCP congestion control algorithm is a likely culprit. Most Linux distributions still…
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