A firewall that costs nothing per packet is not a marketing phrase, it is a measurable property of the datapath. A plain nftables ruleset with 40 rules in a chain…
Read More
NUMA Locality Inside a KVM Guest: How to Measure the Remote-Memory Penalty
Remote memory access can cost 40-60% of local latency. Detect NUMA topology on large instances, place databases with numactl and cgroup cpusets, and verify with numastat.
Read More
Reading /proc/net/softnet_stat Correctly: Diagnosing Softirq Pile-Up on Virtio NICs
Move packet processing off a single core: configure IRQ affinity, Receive Packet Steering, Transmit Packet Steering, and NAPI budget to cut softirq saturation on virtio NICs.
Read More
What a $5, $15 and $40 VPS Actually Buys: Steal Time, Disk Latency and Tier Verification
Two plans both read “2 vCPU / 4 GB” and differ by 3× in CPU steal and 10× in disk latency at the same price point. The rental market sorts…
Read More
Benchmarking VPS Disk IOPS with fio: Queue Depth vs Latency
IOPS without queue depth is a meaningless number. A repeatable fio procedure for measuring IOPS, p99 latency and the point where a virtual disk stops scaling.
Read More